【周可真】江南儒一包養行情學的實學品德——以顧炎武為典範

Keywords: Confucianism in Jiangnan; Advising Yanwu; Practical; Verification; Performing;

1. Overview of Confucianism in Traditional Jiangnan

In the traditional historical books, “Old Tang Book” was first published in “Confucianism”, “Yuan History·Confucianism I” says: “The history of the previous dynasties is all The scholars of Confucianism are divided into two, those who are craftsmen are Confucians, and those who are famous in articles are literary gardens. However, Confucianism is the study of one, and the six Scriptures are the place of this Tao, and the literature is the reason why literature conveys the Tao. Therefore, it is not a literary Scripture to discover its purpose; but literature is not based on the six Scriptures, which is also worthy of literature. Therefore, it is clear that articles in art are not divided into two. “In this way, the original meaning of “Confucianism” is to explore its purpose based on the “six Scriptures”. Studying is the foundation of Confucianism. After learning, there is no such thing as Confucianism. The concept of “Confucianism” in the simplicity refers to the study of Confucian books – study. But especially now, “Confucianism” is often applied to this meaning: the academic activities conducted by Confucianism and the discussions on the academic results of later Confucianism and the discussions and discussions on the social activities of later Confucianism. This is the broad concept of “Confucianism” and it is also the concept of “Confucianism” applied in this article.

Based on the broad concept of “Confucianism” and based on the concept of “Jiangnan” applied by relevant scholars, ①1 The author made the following definition of the concept of “Jiangnan Confucianism”: Jiangnan ConfucianismFemale College Students’ Nursing Club is based on the long triangle as the middle of the activity, laid out in the two Song dynasties, revived in the Ming and Qing dynasties, extended to the U.S., and revived in the regional form of Confucian academic civilization since the transformation and opening of New China. 2 If we do a class of Confucianism in Jiangnan from a practical perspective, the Jiangnan Confucianism program from the Song Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties can be divided into three basic types:

First, it is a practical world-oriented study. According to the majority, Fan Zhongyan of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Suzhou Prefecture, which was founded by him, and the various official schools in Jiangnan established under his influence, the Zhejiang East School of the Southern Song Dynasty, the East Lin School of the late Ming Dynasty, and the Changzhou School of the late Qing Dynasty, all their academic qualities can be learned into this type.

Secondly, reiterate the practical study. This type can be learned in the Qing Dynasty.

Third, pay attention to the realization of mind and nature. This type can be learned from the Ming Dynasty Jiangnan Keys (except from Huang Zongxi to Zhang Xueyan’s Zhejiang History 3) founded by Wang Shouren.

2. Traditional Jiangnan Confucianism: The basic characteristics of the practical learning of Guyanwu

Yi Liangji said: “The joy of our country is that Puxue began to emerge. The heads of Guyanwu and Guzhengjun Ruoye were promoted.” 4 Wang Zhong said: “The joy of ancient learning was that the Guyanwu began to open up its roots.” 5 Wei Liangji was one of the representatives of the Wu school, and Wang Zhong was one of the representatives of the Anhui school. They all believed that Guyanwu was the first advocate or founder of Puxue in the Qing Dynasty. The “Reprint of Masters of the Qing Dynasty” written by Zhi Weicheng placed Jian Yanwu at the top of the “Reprint of Masters of the Qing Dynasty”. However, Gunshi’s realization is not ineffective, so he is concluded as a test. The following statement will prove that the three characteristics of Kazuki’s practical practice have both the characteristics of focusing on practical use, emphasizing practice and emphasizing implementation.

1. Recent practical use

Jian Yanwu is currently a “teacher”, but judging from his life’s academic activities and thoughts, he actually attaches equal importance to history, and his historical contribution is not limited to academic studies. He was diligent in his writing throughout his life, and his masterpieces were written by historical studies in the middle of the year. The most important ones include “The Book of National County Li and Diseases”, “Zhaoyu Chronicles”, “The Records of the Ming Dynasty”, “The Records of the House of the Times”, “The Records of the Mountains and Rivers of Changping”, “The History of the Two Prefectures of the Peace”, “The Records of the Zuoyi Du Jie,” “The Records of the Golden and Stone Texts”, “Seeking Ancient Records”, and “The Records of the Shandong Archaeology”. The “Rizhi Record” that concentrates on its “life and career”, and the historical content also accounts for a considerable proportion. “The works of historical books have been studied in the present.” 6 This can be said to be the key to the discussion of the historical method of Gun’s family. He also said: “Tourism to the present is also the use of our Confucian scholars in the world.” 7 “Tour the past and the present” is another way of saying “to go and to explore the present”, which is known to Confucius as “warm and to be warm and to be known to me.”New” (“Speech·心文”), what Lao Tzu called “the way of the past is to control the existence of the present” (“Lao Tzu” Chapter 14), both refer to the actual meaning of “interpretation of the changes of the past and the present”. However, Yanwu stood on the stage of Confucianism and called the real meaning of history research “the use of my Confucianism in the world “I’ve been cured.

Seeking “use of the world” is actually an inherent characteristic of Chinese traditional history. Lao Tzu, who had worked as a Zhou Shuan and hiding history in his age, and Confucius, who had compiled “age” all have a self-conscious idea of ​​”use of the world” and emphasizes that “the words must have three expressions” Mozi took the “effectiveness” of “the benefit of the people of China to generate the people” as one of the “three forms” of “words” (of course, including historical words) (“Mozi·天子·天子”), which further explained that Mozi’s entire academic concept includes the strong sense of seeking “use of the world”. The term “Inner Saint and Outer King” has been used by students since the late generations of Liang Qichao and Rongyoulan to learn the essential characteristics of comprehensive Chinese traditional science or Chinese tradition